Binary bitwise operators in JavaScript

[2014-01-27] bitwise_ops, numbers, dev, javascript, jsint, jslang
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This blog post describes JavaScript’s binary bitwise operators: bitwise And (&), bitwise Or (|), and bitwise Xor (^).

These operators work with 32-bit integers. That is, they convert their operands to 32-bit integers and produce a result that is a 32-bit integer (encoded as a floating point number, at least externally).

Inputting and outputting binary numbers

In the following examples, we work with binary numbers, via the following two operations:

parseInt(str, 2) parses a string str in binary notation (base 2). For example:

    > parseInt('110', 2)
    6
num.toString(2) converts the number num to a string in binary notation. For example:
    > 6..toString(2)
    '110'

Binary bitwise operators

Bitwise And: number1 & number2
    > (parseInt('11001010', 2) & parseInt('1111', 2)).toString(2)
    '1010'
Bitwise Or: number1 | number2
    > (parseInt('11001010', 2) | parseInt('1111', 2)).toString(2)
    '11001111'
Bitwise Xor (eXclusive Or): number1 ^ number2
    > (parseInt('11001010', 2) ^ parseInt('1111', 2)).toString(2)
    '11000101'
There are two ways to intuitively understand binary bitwise operators.

First explanation: one boolean operation per bit. In the formulas below, ni means bit i of number n interpreted as a boolean (0 is false, 1 is true). For example, 20 is false, 21 is true.

  • And: resulti = number1i && number2i
  • Or: resulti = number1i || number2i
  • Xor: resulti = number1i ^^ number2i
The operator ^^ does not exist. If it did, it would work like this (the result is true if exactly one of the operands is true):
    x ^^ y === (x && !y) || (!x && y)

Second explanation: changing bits of number1 via number2.

  • And: keeps only those bits of number1 that are set in number2. This operation is also called masking, with number2 being the mask.
  • Or: sets all bits of number1 that are set in number2 and keeps all other bits unchanged.
  • Xor: inverts all bits of number1 that are set in number2 and keeps all other bits unchanged.

Further reading

  1. Integers and shift operators in JavaScript